Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is helpful in determining the causes of infertility, recurrent miscarriage and abnormal uterine bleeding. It may also be used to treat these conditions. A hysteroscope is a long and thin instrument with a scope at its tip. The instrument may be connected to a monitor, which enables easier viewing for the physician and patient. The hysteroscope allows the physician to view the inside of the uterus and immediately locate uterine complications, such as structural abnormalities of the uterus, Polyps, Fibroids, and Uterine scar tissue. The doctor will either insert a speculum into the vagina, insert the hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix and into the uterus, inject a gas or liquid through the hysteroscope and into the uterus (to expand it for better viewing). During the procedure, the doctor may also dilate the cervix to aid in allowing the hysteroscope into the uterus. Depending on complexity of the procedure, the doctor may administer some type of anesthesia. Local Anesthetic: The doctor numbs only the area around the cervix. General Anesthetic: The doctor applies a gas mask, and the patient is unconscious during the procedure. She may also be intubated (a tube is placed down her throat to establish an airway as a preventative measure). Once the desired level of anesthesia has been achieved, the doctor will follow the basic procedures, as in diagnostics. When the hysteroscope is in place in the uterus, the physician will be able to place the necessary tools through the hysteroscope to remove polyps, fibroids or scar tissue, correct structural abnormalities, biopsy endometrial tissue.

Laparoscopic Surgery
The New York Comprehensive Women's Health Center remains on the leading edge of advancing, laparoscopic surgical techniques that offer less pain, fewer complications, and faster recovery than traditional operations. Laparoscopic surgery is performed using an instrument called a laparoscope, a thin, lighted telescope that is inserted through a tiny, ½ -inch incision made in the navel. The laparoscope allows your doctor to see and operate in the abdomen without having to use a long incision. Two or three smaller incisions are made along the sides of the abdomen, to allow passage of highly specialized surgical instruments. Laparoscopic techniques allow surgery to be performed with less trauma to patients, and minimal damage to body tissues. In many cases, patients go home the same day. Laparoscopic surgery can be used to address a number of gynecologic conditions that may occur in women.

Leep Biopsy
A leep cone biopsy allows for closer laboratory examination of human papillomavirus caused atypical tissues. This treatment uses the wire loop that has an electric current running through it that cut away the areas of abnormal cells from the cervix.

Menopause
Cessation of menstruation by natural or surgical means. Physical and emotional signs and symptoms of menopause can often be overwhelming and unbearable. Natural therapies and prescription medications can be used to address such issues and help to alleviate many menopausal side effects.

Painful Periods
Dysmenorrhea, painful menses, is often severe enough to limit normal activities. It may or may not be accompanied with excessively heavy bleeding (aka menorrhagia). Some cramps during menstruation are common, but any degree of pain need not be endured. There are natural and medical therapies to help ease or relieve Dysmenorrhea. Primary Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain occurring in healthy women. Secondary Dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain that is attributed to an underlying disease, process or structural abnormality. Possible abnormalities include adenomyosis, abdomino-pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, fibroids, pelvic inflammatory, retroverted-uterus. Endometriosis is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea, yet it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed. Release of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators in the uterus (womb) is thought to be the inciting agent in primary dysmenorrhea. Prostaglandins levels have found to be elevated in women who experience severe dysmenorrhea. Relief may be provided with natural/homeopathic supplements, exercise regiments, or by medications which inhibit the production of prostaglandins such as ibuprofen, mefenamic acid and naproxen.

Pap Smear
A screening test for cervical cancer. The liquid based evaluation is more accurate than the traditional glass slide. In fact studies report an approximately 80-90% accuracy in identifying precancer cervical changes (according to www.thinprep.com). Additionally the laboratory is able to test the pap smear liquid for the presence of HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) which can indicate an increased susceptibility to genital warts and precancer cervical changes.

PMS
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a term used to describe physical and emotional changes which can occur up to two weeks before your menses. Natural/herbal remedies often lessen the severity of such changes as can prescription medications.

Polyps
Cervical polyps are abnormal balls of blood vessels. The cause of cervical polyps is not entirely understood. They are frequently the result of infection or long term (chronic) inflammation. They can also result from an abnormal response to estrogen levels or congestion of blood vessels in the cervical canal. The most common symptom is abnormal bleeding. Diagnosis and treatment of cervical and uterine (endometrial) polyps is paramount to ease discomfort from the associated symptoms and to prevent possible malignant (cancerous) transformation.

STD's
Sexually transmitted infection/diseases, also known as venereal diseases can also be silent infections. Evaluation, diagnosis and treatment regardless of how the infection presents is important in order to prevent possible long term health complications. Infections such as Hepatitis B, Herpes, HIV, Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Genital Warts and Molluscum.